vtech/vtech.org

C:\Users\moses\Documents\Arduino\
migrated from notes.org [2026-04-19 Sun]
* ESP32-DEVKIT-V1
** diagram
            -----------------
       EN  | |_|̅ |_|̅ |_|̅ |_| | D23
       VP  |                 | D22 GPIO22 I2C_SCL
       VN  | ┌─────────────┐ | TX0 UART
       D34 | │             │ | RXO UART
       D35 | │             │ | D21 GPIO21 I2C_SDA
       D32 | │             │ | D19
GPIO33 D33 | │             │ | D18
GPIO25 D25 | │             │ | D5 
GPIO26 D26 | └─────────────┘ | TX2
       D27 |                 | RX2
       D14 |                 | D4
       D12 |                 | D2
       D13 |                 | D15
       GND |                 | GND
       VN  |                 | 3V3
           |                 |
            -----------------
            en    usb   boot
      
** pinlist
EN,VP,VN,D34,D35,D32,D33,D25,D26,D27,D14,D12,D13,GND,VN,3V3,GND,D15,D2,D4,RX2,TX2,D5,D18,D19,D21,RX0,TX0,D22,D23
** vertical pins     
EN 
VP 
VN 
D34
D35     
D32
D33
D25
D26
D27
D14
D12
D13
GND
VN 
     
3V3
GND
D15
D2 
D4 
RX2
TX2
D5 
D18
D19
D21
RX0
TX0
D22
D23



* Instructions
Plug-in ESP32 to PC
Launch arduino IDE - load "ESP32 Dev Module"
Upload sketch, will parse/compile/upload
paladin defaults to COM3 (recall this workin in emacs but i forget)
~plink -serial COM3 -sercfg 115200 | tee-object -FilePath "plink.log"~
~plink -serial COM3 -sercfg 115200 | tee-object -FilePath "plink.log"~

* Project Expl
#+DATE: [2026-04-20 Mon]
intake raw sample words
clock in, chop into frames
convert sample rate/format
wrap in rtp/udp
send on schedule



* === Running notes ===
* esp32 + vtech baby monitor [2025-07-27 Sun]
tap speaker to gpio36
need to power (vtech is 6V)
esp32wroom vreg is 11 17c / 33 d323; it shoudl be able to take 6v ok
consider adding a button to turn on/off the esp32
then add voltage divider bt
* baby monitor [2025-09-03 Wed]
this baby monitor (vtech dm221-2) runs at 6V DC, i want to tap a 3V or 5V pin to run an esp32 so i can tap the speaker on an ADC and broadcast it over wifi. here's a pic of the board - i tested some pads and components:

SOT23-3 package: (1pin on top, two on bottom), commong for transistors, diodes, vreg

Q1 lone pin is 3.7V
Q6 bottom pins are 3.17V (L) and 3.6V (R)
TP20: 3.17V
TP12: 3.17V
TP21: 3.77V

i might be able to tap an LED? but those are more likely to be current limited right

- look for 3-pin regulators (SOT23) - middle pin is usually output
- check caps near the main processor - usually fed by the clean 3.3V rail
- that U401 chip in the upper section might be a regulator too

  
  also maybe add a small decoupling cap (10uF) close to your tap point bc esp32s are kinda noisy when they boot


https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-pinout-reference-gpios/


https://discord.com/api/webhooks/1411806429576429799/zRFcDio3B_BSxFQ8Rus2gMrJhkpC6olXCGgdZ71L3_7zAxsm2Cy86VBynUxcPNfwq4Xg

** wireshark packets
https://support.adder.com/tiki/tiki-index.php?page=Network%3A+Using+Wireshark+to+check+if+IGMP+is+configured

- start collection on Ethernet3
- _Do NOT leave this running!!_ Collect and STOP to analyze
- DisplayFilter is not CaptureFilter; default is collect all and display some!
  CaptureFilter syntax: https://wiki.wireshark.org/CaptureFilters#capture-filter-is-not-a-display-filter
-  Create a CaptureFilter eg "src 192.168.1.145 and port 5004"
- DisplayFilter syntax eg "udp.port==5004 && ip.src==192.268.1.145"
    
add filter: ip.dst==224.0.0.0/4
IGMP should ounly show traffic to dest 239.255.x.x if someone's listening (me).

- first few bytes are packet headers! src/dest. bottom left pane, see "Data (172 bytes)" and click, it will highlight the bytes on the right pane. THIS is where your datagram headers are.

RTP headers:
byte 0: 0x80  (v=2, p=0, x=0, cc=0)
byte 1: 0x00  (m=0, pt=0 → pcmu)
byte 2-3: sequence number (big endian)
byte 4-7: timestamp (big endian)
byte 8-11: ssrc (big endian, arbitrary)

first packet might look like (seq=1,ts=0,ssrc=0x12345678):
80 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 12 34 56 78

** my first headers look like _WRONG! this was 0000, 0010, not 0000 0001_
d8 43 ae 28 55 33 6c c8 00 c8 d3 df
after manual construction of headers:
d8 43 ae 28 55 33 6c c8 00 c8 b4 b4

should be
0x80 0x00  00 01  00 00 00 01  12 34 56 78

d8 43 ae 28 55 33 6c c8  40 8a bd 80 08 00 45 00

** sample - data begins on byte 6!
0000   d8 43 ae 28 55 33 6c c8  40 8a bd 80 08 00 45 00   
0010   00 c8 94 45 00 00 40 11  61 9a c0 a8 01 91 c0 a8   
0020   01 64 13 8c 13 8c 00 b4  2b 5b 80 00 94 43 00 fc   
0030   a9 e0 12 34 56 78 ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   
0040   ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   
0050   ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   
0060   ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   
0070   ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   
0080   ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   
0090   ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   
00a0   ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   
00b0   ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   
00c0   ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   
00d0   ff ff ff ff ff ff                                 ......

DOIT ESP32 DEVKIT V1
Serial: baud 115200

htons() "host-to-network short" converts a short integer from host byte order to network byte order, swapping bytes if needed, for 16-bit values.

htonl() "host-to-network long" converts u_long from host to TCP/IP network order (big-endian)


https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.4/esp32/api-reference/peripherals/adc.html

For ADC1, configure desired precision and attenuation by calling functions adc1_config_width() and adc1_config_channel_atten().

	
PCM5102 I2S DAC board?

8000d10f0122a96012345678a198929091969eb33f2319131011161e2fc7a599939091959dad4f261a131011151c2bdda89b949091949baaf92a1b141110141b285aac9c959190939aa6cd2e1d15111013192445b09e9691909398a2be341f1712101218213bb79f97929092979fb73b211

8000d1100122aa00123456781a264dae9d9591909399a4c5301e1611101318223eb49f9792909298a1bb371f17121012171f37bba198929091969eb33f2319131011161e2fc7a599939091959dad4f261a131011151c2bdda89b949091949baaf92a1b141110141b285aac9c959190939aa

8000d1110122aaa012345678131011151d2dcfa69a939091959cab5d281b141011141b2a79aa9b949190949ba8da2c1c151110131a264dae9d9591909399a4c5301e1611101318223eb49f9792909298a1bb371f17121012171f37bba198929091969eb33f2319131011161e2fc7a599939

*** packet analysis
you lost me. I'm seeing these two bits increment per-packet in byte 6 (first two bits belong to UDP header/checksum): 
[] [] 80 00 55 fe 00 35
[] [] 80 00 55 ff 00 35
[] [] 80 00 56 00 00 35
[] [] 80 00 56 00 01 35
this looks like bits 2-3 are simply incrementing per packet, which is exactly what our code says ("hdr->seq = htons(seq++)"), only q is whether that's correct?

here's what i'm seeing in the serial out:
80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 12 34 56 78 
80 00 00 01 00 00 00 a0 12 34 56 78 
80 00 00 02 00 00 01 40 12 34 56 78 
80 00 00 03 00 00 01 e0 12 34 56 78 
80 00 00 04 00 00 02 80 12 34 56 78 
80 00 00 05 00 00 03 20 12 34 56 78 
80 00 00 06 00 00 03 c0 12 34 56 78 
80 00 00 07 00 00 04 60 12 34 56 78 
80 00 00 08 00 00 05 00 12 34 56 78 

another few lines from WS (obv not the same packets):
80 00 08 61 00 05 3c a0 12 34 56 78
80 00 08 62 00 05 3d 40 12 34 56 78 
80 00 08 63 00 05 3d e0 12 34 56 78

** vlc sdp file - this never worked!
use rtp://192.168.1.100:5004
** file
v=0
o=- 0 0 IN IP4 192.168.1.100
s=ESP32 Tone
c=IN IP4 192.168.1.100
t=0 0
m=audio 5004 RTP/AVP 0
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendonly

* new notes vtech [2025-09-04 Thu]
tone2 - claude claude tone works!
check the ulaw function deeply, and packet vs payload formation - i dont see memcpy in the functioning tonegen code, just a raw feeding of the packet into the ulaw function, appending header, and firing it off?

Checklist:
- first 12 bytes: 80 00 SS SS TT TT TT TT XX XX XX XX
- packet length: 12 + 160 = 172 bytes
- inter-packet gap: ~20 ms
- seq monotonic +1; ts monotonic +160; stable ssrc
- vlc opens via rtp://@:5004 or sdp with a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000

** working udp-tone2 claude
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <driver/adc.h>

const char* ssid = "Fios-8EKF5";
const char* password = "hero816cars7050jon";
const char* DEST_IP = "192.168.1.100";
const int UDP_PORT = 5004;

const int OUTPUT_RATE = 8000; // 8kHz
const int FRAME_SIZE  = 160;  // 20ms frames
const float TONE_HZ   = 440.0;

WiFiUDP udp;
uint16_t seq = 0;
uint32_t ts = 0;

struct rtp_hdr {
  uint8_t vpxcc;
  uint8_t mpt;
  uint16_t seq;
  uint32_t ts;
  uint32_t ssrc;
};

static const int16_t exp_lut[256] = {
  0,0,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,
  5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7
};

uint8_t linear2ulaw(int16_t pcm_val) {
  int sign = (pcm_val >> 8) & 0x80;
  if (sign) pcm_val = (short)-pcm_val;
  if (pcm_val > 32635) pcm_val = 32635;
  pcm_val = pcm_val + 0x84;
  int exponent = exp_lut[(pcm_val >> 7) & 0xFF];
  int mantissa = (pcm_val >> (exponent + 3)) & 0x0F;
  return ~(sign | (exponent << 4) | mantissa);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); }
  Serial.printf("\nconnected, ip=%s\n", WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());
  udp.begin(UDP_PORT);
}

float phase = 0;
const float phase_inc = 2.0 * M_PI * TONE_HZ / OUTPUT_RATE;

void loop() {
  static unsigned long last_send = 0;
  static const unsigned long FRAME_INTERVAL = 20; // 20ms
  
  // only send if it's time
  unsigned long now = millis();
  if (now - last_send < FRAME_INTERVAL) {
    yield();
    return;
  }
  
  uint8_t packet[12 + FRAME_SIZE];
  int16_t samples[FRAME_SIZE];
  
  // generate 20ms tone
  for (int i=0; i<FRAME_SIZE; i++){
    samples[i] = (int16_t)(16000.0 * sinf(phase));
    phase += phase_inc;
    if (phase > 2*M_PI) phase -= 2*M_PI;
  }
  
  // µ-law encode
  for (int i=0; i<FRAME_SIZE; i++) packet[12+i] = linear2ulaw(samples[i]);
  
  // build rtp header (fixed)
  rtp_hdr* hdr = (rtp_hdr*)packet;
  hdr->vpxcc = 0x80;  // v=2, p=0, x=0, cc=0
  hdr->mpt   = 0x00;  // m=0, pt=0 (PCMU)
  hdr->seq   = htons(seq++);
  hdr->ts    = htonl(ts);
  hdr->ssrc  = htonl(0x12345678);
  
  // send packet
  udp.beginPacket(DEST_IP, UDP_PORT);
  udp.write(packet, sizeof(packet));
  udp.endPacket();
  
  ts += FRAME_SIZE;
  last_send = now;
  
  yield();
}
** orig file to integrate
#include <WiFi.h>
// #include <esp_wifi.h>
#include <driver/i2s.h>
// #include <lwip/sockets.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>

const char* ssid          = "Fios-8EKF5";
const char* password      = "hero816cars7050jon";
const char* MULTICAST_IP  = "239.255.0.1";
const char* DEST_IP       = "192.168.1.100";
const int UDP_PORT        = 5004;
const int SAMPLE_RATE     = 32000;
const int OUTPUT_RATE     = 8000;
const int FRAME_SIZE      = 160;
static bool blink = false;

const i2s_port_t I2S_PORT = I2S_NUM_0;
const adc1_channel_t ADC_CHANNEL     = ADC1_CHANNEL_0; //gpio36

char id_str[17];
char status_id[32];

WiFiUDP udp;
uint16_t seq = 0;
uint32_t ts = 0;

// rtp header struct (minimal)
struct rtp_hdr {
  uint8_t vpxcc;
  uint8_t mpt;
  uint16_t seq;
  uint32_t ts;
  uint32_t ssrc;
};

// µ-law encode
uint8_t linear2ulaw(int16_t pcm_val) {
  const int BIAS = 0x84;
  const int CLIP = 32635;
  int mask, seg, uval;
  pcm_val = pcm_val >> 2; // bitshift right 2^arg (2), unsure if this works? if pcm value is encoded 
  if (pcm_val < 0) {
    pcm_val = -pcm_val;
    mask = 0x7F;
  } else mask = 0xFF;
  if (pcm_val > CLIP) pcm_val = CLIP;
  pcm_val += BIAS;
  seg = 7;
  for (int v = pcm_val; v > 0x3F; v >>= 1) seg--;
  uval = (seg << 4) | ((pcm_val >> (seg + 3)) & 0xF);
  return (uval ^ mask);
}

void setup_i2s() {
  i2s_config_t cfg = {
    .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX | I2S_MODE_ADC_BUILT_IN),
    .sample_rate = SAMPLE_RATE,
    .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_16BIT,
    .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT,
    .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_I2S_MSB,
    .intr_alloc_flags = 0,
    .dma_buf_count = 4,
    .dma_buf_len = 256,
    .use_apll = false,
    .tx_desc_auto_clear = true
  };
  i2s_driver_install(I2S_PORT, &cfg, 0, NULL);
  i2s_set_adc_mode(ADC_UNIT_1, ADC_CHANNEL);
  i2s_adc_enable(I2S_PORT);
}

void setup() {
  uint64_t chipid = ESP.getEfuseMac();
  snprintf(id_str, sizeof(id_str), "%04X", (uint16_t)(chipid >>32));
  
  Serial.begin(115200); //begin serial connection for debugging
  // delay(200); // pause for usb host
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  Serial.printf("[wifi] ");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); }
  Serial.printf(" connected %s with ip %s\n", id_str, WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());

  setup_i2s();
  Serial.printf("[udp] ");
  if (udp.begin(UDP_PORT)) {
    Serial.printf("listening on port %d\n", UDP_PORT); 
  } else {
    Serial.println(" failed to bind\n");
  }
}

void loop() {
  int16_t samples[FRAME_SIZE*2]; // 320 samples @ 16kHz = 20ms; adc is tied to clock speed
  size_t bytes_read;
  i2s_read(I2S_PORT, (char*)samples, sizeof(samples), &bytes_read, portMAX_DELAY);

  if (bytes_read == 0) { Serial.println("[i2s] no samples read\n"); return; }

  uint8_t payload[FRAME_SIZE];
  for (int i=0;i<FRAME_SIZE;i++) {
    payload[i] = linear2ulaw(samples[i*2]); // take every other sample to keep rtp stream at 8khz
  }

  uint8_t packet[12+FRAME_SIZE];
  // rtp_hdr *hdr = (rtp_hdr*)packet;
  rtp_hdr* hdr = (rtp_hdr*)packet;
  hdr->vpxcc = 0x80;          // v=2
  hdr->mpt   = 0x00;   // payload type 0 = PCMU
  hdr->seq   = htons(seq++);
  hdr->ts    = htonl(ts);
  hdr->ssrc  = htonl(0x12345678);
  memcpy(packet+12, payload, FRAME_SIZE);

  if (udp.beginPacket(DEST_IP, UDP_PORT)) {
    udp.write(packet, sizeof(packet));
    udp.endPacket();
    Serial.print("\r");
    Serial.print(blink ? '.' : ' ');
    Serial.flush();
    blink = !blink;
  };
  
  ts += FRAME_SIZE; // 20ms worth of samples
}

** compairson bt tonegen and original:
loop()
+ last_send, frame interval

samples[  framesize]

** TODO variant tonegen with multicast

* circuit descr
the adc (GPIO36) is connected to a vtech pm221 speaker through an RC circuit w/ voltage divider:
SP+ to C1 to node A to R1 to node B to Rf to GPIO36;
Node B to R2 to node c to SP-;
Cf connects node c and node a.
GPIO36 is biased with two 1M resistors connected to 3V3 and GND pins.
C1 = 1 uF, Cf = 4.7nF, R1 = 22k, R2 = 10k, Rf = 1k
SP+ --- C1 --- a --- R1 --- b --- Rf --- GPIO --- d --- 1M --- GND
               |            |                     |
SP- --------- C2 --------- R2                    1M --- 3V3

* prompt
gravity check this: 
esp32 script streams udp data (rtp)
mode 1: send 440hz default on launch (works)
mode 2: (toggle mode on tapping pin) stream from ADC pin

the adc (GPIO36) is connected to a vtech pm221 speaker through an RC circuit w/ voltage divider:
SP+ to C1 to node A to R1 to node B to Rf to GPIO36;
Node B to R2 to node c to SP-;
Cf connects node c and node a.
GPIO36 is biased with two 1M resistors connected to 3V3 and GND pins.
C1 = 1 uF, Cf = 4.7nF, R1 = 22k, R2 = 10k, Rf = 1k
``` 
SP+ --- C1 --- a --- R1 --- b --- Rf --- GPIO --- d --- 1M --- GND
               |            |                     |
SP- --------- Cf --------- R2                    1M --- 3V3
```

need to troubleshoot this, either the circuit is wrong, or the ADC implementation.
before i redesign the circuit again, i'd like to know how i can test the ADC to be sure it's working; how would i create a 440Hz tone i can feed to the ADC that would be interpreted by our algorithm?
the program is right, because I can send the 440hz sine wave through it and it works!
so it's almost certainly an issue with the cercuit.

* voltage/adc test 1 [2025-09-02 Tue]
- GND and 43V3 show 4095 range is good! and we're sitting at the midpoint
- voltage is confirmed (3.3v at 3V3 and 0V at GND)
- SP+ and SP- sit at 1.6V; ADC sits at 1.6V when idle    
** data
switched to mic mode
4039-4095 
3997-4095 
3951-4095 
4023-4095 
4095-4095 
0-1994 
0-366 
0-366 
0-0 
0-0 
0-0 
0-0 
0-0 
0-0 
0-1087 
1489-2135 
1456-2150 
1493-2257 
1465-2636 
1299-2598 
1463-2177 
1522-2191 
1535-2261 

** test2
...
   connected, ip=192.168.1.145
                              tap pin 4 to switch modes
switched to mic mode
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:2698-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-1690(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-512(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:375-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-3909(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:3101-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryfcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-3101(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:509-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)
adcrange:0-4095(shouldvaryifcircuitworks)

** after 1M bias both directions
948-2559
1376-2645
1776-2866
1535-2976
1411-2640
895-2093
921-2638
1119-2496
1719-2878
1422-3535
1383-2812
1041-2290
991-2496
956-2641
1503-2837
1731-2797
1307-2951
1055-2778
976-2686
983-2559
1535-2870
1475-2987
1452-2896
812-2272
1019-2096
852-2596
1616-2867
1739-2805
1417-2734
951-2380
911-2245
855-2549
1611-2992
1733-3344
1236-2799
976-2190
1011-2503
959-2526
1702-2976
1489-2839
1215-3424
959-2206
956-2691
1214-2480
1645-2801
1437-2989
847-2551
1126-2176
849-2590
1486-2879
1655-2837
1424-2881
763-2232
976-2128
975-2734
1555-2876
1711-3258
1232-3037
1104-2457
808-2144
799-2854
1535-3453
1653-3236
1313-2811
934-2172
1006-2784
969-2588
1525-3474
1573-2872
1329-3504
829-2864
921-2156
1040-2542
1136-2985
1682-2921
1495-2895
1033-2694(shouldvar
yifcircuitworks)
912-2123
998-2606
1294-2541
1617-3219
1390-3737
1383-2992
1023-2309
948-2391
1043-2490
1731-2804
1567-2835
1391-2976
917-2224
884-2262
1111-2534
1725-2976
1500-2797
1406-2653
787-2205
1023-2486
1189-2517
1580-2915
1509-2954

** after circuit swap (this is way worse)
adc range: 0-602 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 0-487 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 0-400 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 0-112 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 0-621 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 0-570 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 0-659 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 0-325 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 0-63 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 0-418 (should vary if circuit works)



* [2025-09-03 Wed]
1687/1746 to 2041

...
connected, ip=192.168.1.145
tap pin 4 to switch modes
switched to mic mode
adc range: 1746-1971 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 1733-1966 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 1754-1965 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 1755-1965 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 1702-2009 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 1675-1957 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 1696-2041 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 1686-1962 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 1741-2004 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 1687-1965 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 1735-1957 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 1718-2031 (should vary if circuit works)
adc range: 1714-2000 (should vary if circuit works)


** funcgen
FG- to ESP32 ground
FG+ to GPIO36, then to SP+
recognizable tone once DC offset turned on (~halfway bt 0/+)
 (anything above this resets ESP32)
amplitude knob made little/no difference
 (too high resets the ESP32)

tone very choppy and _not_ 440Hz
no tone difference bt GPIO and SP+;
  either wired wrong (possible) or
  circuit is functioning (not impacting input)

i'm thinking, we shouldnt expect adc serialout to be useful, unless i send a value ~1Hz
so let's generate that first: add a function to generate a 0.5 or .25Hz wave,
 so that we can see the ADC values change in the serial out;
 we should see values fluctuate between 0 and 4096,
 and if we sync the timing right, should get a proper sense of the range right?

** ok ran some basic tests
- ADC confirmed w dmm: 3.3v when ADC-3V3 and 0V when ADC-GND
- SP+ and SP- sit at 1.6V; ADC sits at 1.6V when idle    
- ADC shows 0 at GND and 4095 at 3V3; midpoint ~2k when idle, with some noise
- FG- to ESP32 ground; FG+ to GPIO36, then to SP+. 
  recognizable tone once DC offset turned on (~halfway bt "0"/"+")

tone very choppy and _not_ 440Hz, still comes in pulses where the audio cuts ~twice/sec. no tone difference bt connecting FG+ to GPIO vs SP+, indicating the code has more impact than the circuit. Upping to 540 and 640 Hz, I _can_ hear streaming tone go up - good sign! However the ESP-generated 440Hz tone in tone_mode also walks around a bit - this could be another (separate) problem in the ulaw/packetization logic.

i removed the sampling limiter and moved the print to output adv_val directly after: samples[i] = int16_t)((adv_val-2048)*16);
So this is actually _upstream_ of packetization... but it's still crazy noisy, here's some data:
- 0.1Hz wave ranges from ~2100-2650, with noise usually +/-80, but spikes as big as 150 in both directions
- 1Hz wave ranges from ~2075-2650, with noise usually +/-80
- 440Hz wave is essentially unrecognizable, though sample rate is def playing a role; range is the same (2075-2750).

So we're currently using 25% of available bandwidth; need to scale ADC better. First, we need to look closely at the ADC reader/scale at lines 115-125: is this doing what we want?
#+begin_src c++
    static int debug_counter = 0;
    int min_val = 4095, max_val = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
      int adc_val = adc1_get_raw(ADC1_CHANNEL_0);
      if (adc_val < min_val) min_val = adc_val;
      if (adc_val > max_val) max_val = adc_val;
      // convert 12-bit adc (0-4095) to signed 16-bit (-32768 to 32767)
      samples[i] = (int16_t)((adc_val - 2048) * 16); // center around 0, scale up
      Serial.printf("%d\n", adc_val); //remove
    }
#+end_src
Then, at the ulaw encoder:
#+begin_src c++
uint8_t linear2ulaw(int16_t pcm_val) {
  int sign = (pcm_val >> 8) & 0x80;
  if (sign) pcm_val = (short)-pcm_val;
  if (pcm_val > 32635) pcm_val = 32635;
  pcm_val = pcm_val + 0x84;
  int exponent = exp_lut[(pcm_val >> 7) & 0xFF];
  int mantissa = (pcm_val >> (exponent + 3)) & 0x0F;
  return ~(sign | (exponent << 4) | mantissa);
}
#+end_src

claude_v3_functionaladc - decent 440hz tone, still walks a little; music playing through monitor is audible but chops every ~1s, and a high-pitched whiny tone is on top

** python plot simple - see final version ~/Documents/Arduino/udp-tone-ai/plots
#+begin_src python
s = <data>
title = ""
import plotly.graph_objects as go
import pandas as pd

data = [(int(x.split(',')[0]), int(x.split(',')[1])) for x in s.split('\n')]
lows, highs = zip(*data)
x = list(range(len(data)))
go.Figure([go.Scatter(x=x, y=lows, name='low'),go.Scatter(x=x, y=highs, name='high')],title=title).show()

#+end_src
** putty output
# use Tee-Object to output to console AND a file
$ plink -serial COM3 -sercfg 115200 | tee-object -FilePath "plink.log"
this is the winner!

*** _other variants_ untested

putty -serial COM3 -sercfg 115200,8,n,1,N | -sessionlog C:\users\moses\putty.log -logoverwrite
plink -serial COM3 -sercfg 115200 > plink.log


#+begin_src powershell
$port = new-Object System.IO.Ports.SerialPort COM3,115200,None,8,one
$port.Open()
while($true) {
    if($port.BytesToRead -gt 0) {
        $data = $port.ReadLine()
        "$data" | Tee-Object -Append -FilePath serial.log
    }
}
#+end_src

** data
2096
2073
2095
2081
2095
2096
2095
2086
2096
2096
2083
2093
2083
2080
2073
2078
2098
2077
2096
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2096
2101
2006
2096
2160
2096
2079
2090
2093
2077
2097
2064
2096
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2076
2085
2087
2096
2090
2086
2096
2082
2135
2183
2087
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2058
2091
2091
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2151
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2083
2105
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2066
2086
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2078
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2093
2109
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2096
2075
2076
2096
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2095
2095
2067
2097
2083
2089
2107
2134
2107
2080
2096
2094
2197
2043
2176
2133
2007
2032
2045
2114
2075
2117
2087
2145
2104
2106
2096
2086
2065
2096
2117
2094
2108
2109
2105
2097
2097
2096
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2079
2096
2007
2101
2111
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2089
1990
2087
2081
2082
2100
2101
2089
2097
2097
2092
2105
2091
2071
2096
2057
2096
2098
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2096
2096
2085
2093
2123
2080
2090
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2089
2089
2119
2087
2083
2071
2087
2010
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2084
2074
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2085
2096
2079
2064
2080
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2094
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2089
2075
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2075
2115
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2125
2096
2082
2192
2091
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2080
2174
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2100
2061
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2085
1977
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2102
2091
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2096
2103
2065
2083
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2094
2171
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2098
2112
2096
2095
2090
2105
2054
2096
1972
2119
2096
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2103
2078
2036
2097
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2090
2066
2091
2099
2080
2112
2082
2104
2099
2160
2097
2109
2093
2093
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2087
2117
1984
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2063
2061
2096
2112
2078
2102
2099
2081
2099
2103
2066
2098
2103
2187
2102
2095
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2093
2086
2126
2063
2088
2096
2043
2106
2073
2105
2114
2099
2099
2107
2096
2086
2100
2103
2215
2101
2119
2102
2055
2096
2101
2086
2101
2128
2061
2099
2109
2109
2100
2097
2115
2046
2055
2093
2083
2135
2081
1997
2073
2096
2103
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2081
2085
2096
2099
2103
2081
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2096
2100
2074
2100
2105
2096
2073
2069
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2137
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2096
2097
2089
2116
2106
2111
2096
2111
2044
2112
2080
2075
2097
2106
2064
2105
2093
2032
2114
2076
2083
2095
2103
2160
2112
2098
2098
2098
2102
2091
2089
2096
2096
2115
2091
2094
2074
2112
2090
2096
2096
2116
2083
2094
2096
2091
2094
2129
2089
2105
2116
2096
2098
2085
2096
2087
2135
2085
2096
2101
2093
2115
2101
2101
2103
2107
2106
2080
1989
2070
2097
2144
2099
2117
2064
2096
2038
2106
2096
2120
2097
2096
2205
2113
2099
2103
2096
2098
2108
2087
2108
2097
2106
2109
2110
2097
2107
2111
2188
2130
2105
2206
2112
2101
2112
2089
2095
2112
2098
2103
2121
2072
2119
2114
2100
2106
2113
2112
2119
2103
2098
2104
2119
2103
2041
2143
2096
2112
2105
2106
2109
2097
2091
2055
2128
2109
2101
2097
2135
2064
2057
2094
2106
2096
2092
2090
2143
2090
2097
2094
2092
2074
2118
2113
2119
2112
2107
2128
2095
2096
2158
2094
2106
2112
2092
2073
2085
2041
2098
2095
2096
2202
2074
2110
2103
2105
2126
2096
2122
2163
2071
2109
2115
2109
2068
2096
2037
2105
2108
2133
2128
2085
2107
2105
2194
2065
2103
2112
2093
2079
2118
2103
2103
2107
2070
2113
2091
2105
2085
2090
2111
2112
2192
2110
2097
2098
2107
2087
2121
2091
2114
2108
2094
2096
2128
2110
2117
2109
1971
2145
2092
2098
2078
2086
2093
2079
2107
2096
2161
2111
2096
2102
2097
2102
2096
2015
2107
2094
2034
2101
2032
2141
2097
2090
2085
2000
2107
2175
2005
2105
2220
2096
2123
2117
2112
2122
2103
2089
2113
2124
2025
2147
2117
2111
2058
2102
2102
2096
2106
2109
2111
2111
2112
2094
2112
2109
2095
2118
2106
2091
2098
2111
2033
2105
2106
2109
2093
2114
2096
2100
2112
2109
2106
2109
2117
2066
2070
2065
2110
2080
2129
2093
2100
2106
2111
2115
2142
2124
2101
2045
2125
2212
2139
2105
2128
2103
2121
2104
2107
2102
2117
2107
2096
2094
2106
2105
2110
2128
2103
2084
2099
2096
2250
2119
2099
2107
2109
2096
2121
2108
2091
2097
2122
2043
2095
2102
2119
2112
2097
2108
2103
2105
2105
2192
2084
2116
2098
2110
2081
2096
2125
2146
2227
2099
2114
2112
2131
2087
2112
2207
2112
2096
2084
2096
2112
2108
2097
2137
2113
2145
2123
2112
2133
2097
2102
2231
2098
2098
2118
2119
2106
2111
2103
2097
2128
2155
2112
2140
2109
2111
2099
2116
2096
2103
2113
2107
2111
2110
2002
2105
2115
2159
2109
2102
2112
2110
2125
2131
2117
2116
2110
2110
2131
2021
2112
2122
2097
2130
2116
2112
2109
2043
2113
2113
2128
2096
2119
2114
2093
2109
2122
2096
2099
2118
2115
2112
2112
2071
2127
2139
2128
2137
2094
2108
2117
2115
2096
2116
2094
2127
2113
2231
2111
2112
2105
2087
2112
2128
2045
2110
2095
2114
2115
2127
2150
2111
2099
2119
2119
2112
2124
2244
2119
2127
2067
2112
2007
2107
2046
2024
2125
2064
2114
2109
2114
2118
2117
2112
2210
2251
2125
2125
2115
2123
2031
2110
2111
2114
2117
2103
2112
2112
2121
2098
2112
2108
2112
2096
2121
2103
2112
2111
2064
2113
2107
2096
2106
2237
2110
2101
2091
2104
2115
2117
2128
2114
2121
2114
2102
2064
2068
2131
2096
2144
2091
2118
2167
2095
2123
2093
2119
2115
2146
2112
2115
2139
2102
2126
2093
2130
2016
2103
2015
2119
2125
2119
2112
2117
2118
2124
2044
2117
2111
2119
2113
2126
2113
2115
2110
2103
2118
2114
2106
2121
2102
2092
2116
2176
2216
2127
2112
2146
2128
2094
2115
2112
2126
2128
2110
2111
2143
2130
2125
2117
2127
2124
2128
2117
2064
2109
2107
2148
2117
1929
2096
2133
2121
2112
2128
2114
2128
2129
2116
2112
2126
2114
2130
2111
2042
2122
2119
2127
2123
2166
2198
2118
2130
2105
2174
2062
2125
2155
2116
2137
2119
2104
2125
2119
2127
2113
2119
2102
2131
2119
2113
2127
2112
2111
2117
2128
2126
2114
2125
2129
2122
2255
2114
2139
2119
2126
2126
2123
2091
1969
2115
2111
2118
2109
2089
2144
2148
2127
2069
2116
2118
2084
2091
2123
2112
2114
2126
2117
2128
2130
2087
2111
2125
2163
2126
2127
2128
2125
2122
2128
2221
2096
2118
2119
2107
2128
2125
2123
2131
2122
2128
2122
2175
2128
2162
2142
2102
2121
2127
2113
2123
2118
2128
2116
2128
2119
2126
2138
2129
2128
2158
2153
2141
2121
2120
2125
2114
2092
2128
2151
2128
2128
2128
2121
2122
2137
2118
2098
2127
2125
2129
2123
2124
2095
2119
2107
2107
2126
2129
2125
2084
2103
2124
2118
2169
2112
2128
2118
2123
2125
2128
2119
2138
2144
2067
2127
2107
2115
2113
2139
2139
2126
2129
2101
2081
2128
2147
2128
2141
2129
2128
2112
2158
2131
2123
2102
2176
2130
2121
2101
2131
2133
2122
2095
2114
2202
2128
2125
2101
2128
2096
2131
2128
2128
2137
2131
2121
2128
2137
2102
2115
2129
2127
2131
2153
2127
2128
2133
2109
2129
2127
2013
2137
2109
2134
2148
2105
2125
2151
2128
2117
2124
2113
2101
2128
2131
2144
2126
2025
2125
2119
2130
2130
2138
2125
2126
2118
2131
2124
2117
2136
2125
2097
2126
2133
2111
2121
2118
2126
2131
2131
2144
2131
2129
2132
2128
2155
2127
2145
2171
2128
2135
2145
2151
2149
2140
2138
2167
2128
2137
2105
2150
2127
2134
2137
2128
2133
2073
2154
2114
2136
2142
2135
2146
2150
2182
2122
2118
2147
2128
2107
2125
2129
2119
2123
2118
2128
2138
2134
2125
2149
2135
2129
2138
2111
2138
2134
2142
2146
2094
2069
2141
2128
2174
2128
2127
2128
2136
2075
2115
2135
2148
2143
2064
2128
2133
2134
2129
2140
2133
2100
2030
2150
2043
2129
2135
2146
2142
2116
2132
2146
2138
2138
2177
2089
2145
2146
2138
2256
2157
2131
2189
2134
2151
2144
2141
2139
2148
2148
2145
2134
2033
2157
2145
2064
2132
2132
2181
2137
2144
2135
2125
2141
2118
2165
2143
2157
2150
2133
2131
2150
2138
2146
2129
2240
2145
2133
2129
2099
2115
2160
2143
2160
2128
2160
2069
2142
2133
2149
2134
2125
2147
2142
2139
2151
2066
2135
2143
2133
2128
2128
2140
2140
2147
2122
2149
2147
2156
2144
2150
2071
2141
2063
2144
2141
2141
2151
2145
2141
2143
2151
2142
2147
2147
2139
2081
2155
2147
2091
2154
2147
2149
2142
2128
2130
2159
2154
2149
2146
2120
2111
2134
2133
2144
2133
2147
2156
2162
2145
2139
2149
2133
2141
2150
2107
2166
2142
2174
2148
2155
2129
2128
2151
2136
2149
2153
2054
2129
2149
2174
2191
2155
2146
2167
2158
2036
2142
2130
2149
2141
2130
2145
2139
2138
2151
2142
2150
2145
2161
2145
2145
2145
2145
2180
2127
2143
2143
2155
2107
2145
2148
2143
2143
2149
2131
2147
2128
2226
2145
2146
2193
2071
2158
2155
2142
2160
2290
2137
2146
2141
2143
2144
2081
2160
2145
2150
2137
2143
2128
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2135
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* Mic branch [2026-04-19 Sun]
INMP441
heres my overall (very messy) notes.

i need a stepwise checklist of work to do, picking up this project after 6mo.

i think broadest steps are:
1. remind myself of circuit state, how to hookup and test
2. implement inmp441 - may need to retool the circuit?
   1. will this functino on the existing power (big goal)
   2. remove/modify any inline circuitry to make this work?
3. ??? test?

_Goal_: replace noisy speaker-tap adc path with an inmp441 mic path
 - reuse existing esp32 + wifi + rtp stack
 - reuse existing 3.17v power tap
** checklist
*** Bench Check
- the exact esp32 board
- the vtech dm221-2 / pm221
- known-good firmware that can stream the 440hz tone over rtp to vlc
- the current ip/ssid/port expectations
- success = you can flash, boot, and hear tone mode again in vlc. this revalidates the network/rtp side before you perturb the input path

*** Confirm live circuit:
- take clear photos of pcb top/bottom
- mark current power tap location
- mark current speaker/adc wiring
- note whether gpio36 speaker-tap circuit is still installed
- note whether touch pin mode switching is still wired
- your notes show enough circuit churn that future-you will otherwise get gaslit by Past You.
  
*** Verify power in isolation:
- measure the 3.17v rail again at tp20/tp12/q6
- confirm esp32 still boots stably from that rail
- add/confirm local decoupling near esp32 power if needed
- success = stable boot, wifi connect, no brownout/reboot weirdness. you already concluded the 3.17v tap was viable and a major goal is to keep it.

*** Verify s/w baseline
keep hardware input out of it for a minute:

- flash the known-good tone generator
- confirm seq/ts behavior and vlc playback
- optionally disable wifi power save while testing
- success = tone stream sounds clean enough that any later ugliness is input-side, not transport-side.

*** hardware cutover
assume the old speaker-to-gpio36 analog front end gets bypassed or removed:
- gpio36 adc path is no longer the primary input
- the RC/divider/bias network for speaker tap is not needed for the mic path
- keep it only if you explicitly want fallback mode later
- this is the big topology change. don’t half-migrate and leave yourself ambiguous failure modes. your notes already point to the speaker tap being the pain source.

***  bench-test the inmp441 off the existing esp32 power
- power inmp441 from the same esp32 3.xv rail
- wire only power + ground + i2s lines
- capture raw samples / stream audio with the mic sitting on the bench
- success = it powers and produces stable audio without resets/noise disasters.

** inmp441 table
| PIN | NAME   | FUNCTION                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
|-----+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|   1 | SCK    | Serial-Data Clock for I²S Interface                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
|   2 | SD     | Serial-Data Output for I²S Interface. This pin tri-states when not actively driving the appropriate output channel. The SD trace should have a 100 kΩ pulldown resistor to discharge the line during the time that all microphones on the bus have tri-stated their outputs. |
|   3 | WS     | Serial Data-Word Select for I²S Interface                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
|   4 | L/R    | Left/Right Channel Select. When set low, the microphone outputs its signal in the left channel of the I²S frame. When set high, the microphone outputs its signal in the right channel.                                                                                      |
|   5 | GND    | Ground. Connect to ground on the PCB.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
|   6 | GND    | Ground. Connect to ground on the PCB.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
|   7 | VDD    | Power, 1.8 V to 3.3 V. This pin should be decoupled to Pin 6 with a 0.1 μF capacitor.                                                                                                                                                                                        |
|   8 | CHIPEN | Microphone Enable. When set low (ground), the microphone is disabled and put in power-down mode. When set high (VDD), the microphone is enabled.                                                                                                                             |
|   9 | GND    | Ground. Connect to ground on the PCB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |

- added sketch to /proj/vtech/mic

couple caveats, bc esp32 audio loves being a goblin:
the >> 11 unpack line is the bit most likely to need fiddling on your exact board/core, and I2S_COMM_FORMAT_STAND_I2S vs one of the older enum names can vary by installed core.

*** script
#+begin_src c
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <driver/i2s.h>
#include <driver/touch_pad.h>

const char* ssid = "Fios-8EKF5";
const char* password = "hero816cars7050jon";
const char* DEST_IP = "192.168.1.190";
const int UDP_PORT = 5004;

const int OUTPUT_RATE = 8000; // 8kHz rtp payload rate
const int MIC_RATE = 16000;   // capture rate inmp441
const int FRAME_SIZE  = 160;  // 20ms frames @ 8kHz
const float TONE_HZ   = 440.0;

const touch_pad_t TOUCH_PIN = TOUCH_PAD_NUM4; // gpio13
const int TOUCH_THRESHOLD = 800; // adjust as needed

// inmp441 pins - change as needed
const int I2S_WS  = 25; // 
const int I2S_SCK = 26; // 
const int I2S_SD  = 33; // data from mic to esp32 

WiFiUDP udp;
uint16_t seq = 0;
uint32_t ts = 0;
bool tone_mode = true; // start with tone

struct rtp_hdr {
  uint8_t vpxcc;
  uint8_t mpt;
  uint16_t seq;
  uint32_t ts;
  uint32_t ssrc;
};

static const int16_t exp_lut[256] = {
  0,0,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,
  5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7
};

uint8_t linear2ulaw(int16_t pcm_val) {
  int sign = (pcm_val >> 8) & 0x80;
  if (sign) pcm_val = (short)-pcm_val;
  if (pcm_val > 32635) pcm_val = 32635;
  pcm_val = pcm_val + 0x84;
  int exponent = exp_lut[(pcm_val >> 7) & 0xFF];
  int mantissa = (pcm_val >> (exponent + 3)) & 0x0F;
  return ~(sign | (exponent << 4) | mantissa);
}

void setup_i2s_mic() {
  i2s_config_t i2s_config = {
    .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX),
    .sample_rate = MIC_RATE,
    .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_32BIT,
    .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT,
    .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_STAND_I2S,
    .intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_LEVEL1,
    .dma_buf_count = 8,
    .dma_buf_len = 256,
    .use_apll = false,
    .tx_desc_auto_clear = false,
    .fixed_mclk = 0
  };

  i2s_pin_config_t pin_config = {
    .bck_io_num = I2S_SCK,
    .ws_io_num = I2S_WS,
    .data_out_num = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE,
    .data_in_num = I2S_SD
  };

  i2s_driver_install(I2S_NUM_0, &i2s_config, 0, NULL);
  i2s_set_pin(I2S_NUM_0, &pin_config);
  i2s_zero_dma_buffer(I2S_NUM_0);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
  // init touch
  touch_pad_init();
  touch_pad_set_voltage(TOUCH_HVOLT_2V7, TOUCH_LVOLT_0V5, TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_1V);
  touch_pad_config(TOUCH_PIN, 0);
  
  setup_i2s_mic();

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); }
  Serial.printf("\nconnected, ip=%s\n", WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());
  udp.begin(UDP_PORT);
  
  Serial.println("tap pin 13 to switch modes");
}

void loop() {
  static unsigned long last_send = 0;
  static unsigned long last_touch_check = 0;
  static bool last_touch_state = false;
  static const unsigned long FRAME_INTERVAL = 20; // 20ms
  static const unsigned long TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL = 50; // check every 50ms
  
  // check touch state periodically
  unsigned long now = millis();
  if (now - last_touch_check > TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL) {
    uint16_t touch_val;
    touch_pad_read(TOUCH_PIN, &touch_val);
    bool touched = touch_val < TOUCH_THRESHOLD;
    
    // detect touch press (not hold)
    if (touched && !last_touch_state) {
      tone_mode = !tone_mode;
      Serial.printf("switched to %s mode\n", tone_mode ? "tone" : "mic");
      delay(200); // debounce
    }
    
    last_touch_state = touched;
    last_touch_check = now;
  }
  
  // only send if it's time
  if (now - last_send < FRAME_INTERVAL) {
    yield();
    return;
  }
  
  uint8_t packet[12 + FRAME_SIZE];
  int16_t samples[FRAME_SIZE];
  
  if (tone_mode) {
    // fixed tone generation with integer phase accumulator
    static uint32_t phase_acc = 0;
    const uint32_t phase_inc_int = (uint32_t)(TONE_HZ * (1ULL << 32) / OUTPUT_RATE);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
      float phase = (phase_acc >> 16) * (2.0 * M_PI / 65536.0);
      samples[i] = (int16_t)(16000.0 * sinf(phase));
      phase_acc += phase_inc_int;
    }
    
  } else {

    // read 320 mic samples @16khz, decimate by 2 -> 160 samples @8khz
    int32_t mic_buf[FRAME_SIZE * 2];
    size_t bytes_read = 0;
    i2s_read(I2S_NUM_0, mic_buf, sizeof(mic_buf), &bytes_read, portMAX_DELAY);

    int frames_read = bytes_read / sizeof(int32_t);
    if (frames_read < FRAME_SIZE * 2) {
      for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) samples[i] = 0;
    } else {
      static float dc = 0.0f;
      static float lpf = 0.0f;

      for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
        // inmp441 data is typically left-justified in 32-bit words; shift may need
        // minor tweaking on your exact board/core
        int32_t raw = mic_buf[i * 2] >> 14;   // collapse toward 16-bit-ish range
        float x = (float)raw;

        dc = dc * 0.999f + x * 0.001f;
        x -= dc;

        lpf = lpf * 0.7f + x * 0.3f;
        float y = lpf * 1.0f; // gain trim try 8.0f?

        if (y > 32767.0f) y = 32767.0f;
        if (y < -32768.0f) y = -32768.0f;
        samples[i] = (int16_t)y;
        }
        //DEBUG
        static unsigned long last_dbg = 0;
        int16_t minv = 32767;
        int16_t maxv = -32768;

        for (int j = 0; j < FRAME_SIZE; j++) {
          if (samples[j] < minv) minv = samples[j];
          if (samples[j] > maxv) maxv = samples[j];
        }

        if (millis() - last_dbg > 250) {
          Serial.printf("mic range: %d .. %d\n", minv, maxv);
          last_dbg = millis();
        }
        // END DEBUG
      }
    }

  for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
    packet[12 + i] = linear2ulaw(samples[i]);
  }

  rtp_hdr* hdr = (rtp_hdr*)packet;
  hdr->vpxcc = 0x80;
  hdr->mpt   = 0x00;
  hdr->seq   = htons(seq++);
  hdr->ts    = htonl(ts);
  hdr->ssrc  = htonl(0x12345678);

  udp.beginPacket(DEST_IP, UDP_PORT);
  udp.write(packet, sizeof(packet));
  udp.endPacket();

  ts += FRAME_SIZE;
  last_send = now;

  yield();
}
#+end_src
*** script2 - simple mic processing (ln160 ff)
#+begin_src c
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <driver/i2s.h>
#include <driver/touch_pad.h>

const char* ssid = "Fios-8EKF5";
const char* password = "hero816cars7050jon";
const char* DEST_IP = "192.168.1.190";
const int UDP_PORT = 5004;

const int OUTPUT_RATE = 8000; // 8kHz rtp payload rate
const int MIC_RATE = 16000;   // capture rate inmp441
const int FRAME_SIZE  = 160;  // 20ms frames @ 8kHz
const float TONE_HZ   = 440.0;

const touch_pad_t TOUCH_PIN = TOUCH_PAD_NUM4; // gpio13
const int TOUCH_THRESHOLD = 800; // adjust as needed

// inmp441 pins - change as needed
const int I2S_WS  = 25; // 
const int I2S_SCK = 26; // 
const int I2S_SD  = 33; // data from mic to esp32 

WiFiUDP udp;
uint16_t seq = 0;
uint32_t ts = 0;
bool tone_mode = true; // start with tone

struct rtp_hdr {
  uint8_t vpxcc;
  uint8_t mpt;
  uint16_t seq;
  uint32_t ts;
  uint32_t ssrc;
};

static const int16_t exp_lut[256] = {
  0,0,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,
  5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7
};

uint8_t linear2ulaw(int16_t pcm_val) {
  int sign = (pcm_val >> 8) & 0x80;
  if (sign) pcm_val = (short)-pcm_val;
  if (pcm_val > 32635) pcm_val = 32635;
  pcm_val = pcm_val + 0x84;
  int exponent = exp_lut[(pcm_val >> 7) & 0xFF];
  int mantissa = (pcm_val >> (exponent + 3)) & 0x0F;
  return ~(sign | (exponent << 4) | mantissa);
}

void setup_i2s_mic() {
  i2s_config_t i2s_config = {
    .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX),
    .sample_rate = MIC_RATE,
    .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_32BIT,
    .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT,
    .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_STAND_I2S,
    .intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_LEVEL1,
    .dma_buf_count = 8,
    .dma_buf_len = 256,
    .use_apll = false,
    .tx_desc_auto_clear = false,
    .fixed_mclk = 0
  };

  i2s_pin_config_t pin_config = {
    .bck_io_num = I2S_SCK,
    .ws_io_num = I2S_WS,
    .data_out_num = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE,
    .data_in_num = I2S_SD
  };

  i2s_driver_install(I2S_NUM_0, &i2s_config, 0, NULL);
  i2s_set_pin(I2S_NUM_0, &pin_config);
  i2s_zero_dma_buffer(I2S_NUM_0);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
  // init touch
  touch_pad_init();
  touch_pad_set_voltage(TOUCH_HVOLT_2V7, TOUCH_LVOLT_0V5, TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_1V);
  touch_pad_config(TOUCH_PIN, 0);
  
  setup_i2s_mic();

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); }
  Serial.printf("\nconnected, ip=%s\n", WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());
  udp.begin(UDP_PORT);
  
  Serial.println("tap pin 13 to switch modes");
}

void loop() {
  static unsigned long last_send = 0;
  static unsigned long last_touch_check = 0;
  static bool last_touch_state = false;
  static const unsigned long FRAME_INTERVAL = 20; // 20ms
  static const unsigned long TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL = 50; // check every 50ms
  
  // check touch state periodically
  unsigned long now = millis();
  if (now - last_touch_check > TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL) {
    uint16_t touch_val;
    touch_pad_read(TOUCH_PIN, &touch_val);
    bool touched = touch_val < TOUCH_THRESHOLD;
    
    // detect touch press (not hold)
    if (touched && !last_touch_state) {
      tone_mode = !tone_mode;
      Serial.printf("%s mode active\n", tone_mode ? "tone" : "mic");
      delay(300); // debounce
    }
    
    last_touch_state = touched;
    last_touch_check = now;
  }
  
  // only send if it's time
  if (now - last_send < FRAME_INTERVAL) {
    yield();
    return;
  }
  
  uint8_t packet[12 + FRAME_SIZE];
  int16_t samples[FRAME_SIZE];
  
  if (tone_mode) {
    // fixed tone generation with integer phase accumulator
    static uint32_t phase_acc = 0;
    const uint32_t phase_inc_int = (uint32_t)(TONE_HZ * (1ULL << 32) / OUTPUT_RATE);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
      float phase = (phase_acc >> 16) * (2.0 * M_PI / 65536.0);
      samples[i] = (int16_t)(16000.0 * sinf(phase));
      phase_acc += phase_inc_int;
    }
    
  } else {

    // read 320 mic samples @16khz, decimate by 2 -> 160 samples @8khz
    int32_t mic_buf[FRAME_SIZE * 2];
    size_t bytes_read = 0;
    i2s_read(I2S_NUM_0, mic_buf, sizeof(mic_buf), &bytes_read, portMAX_DELAY);

    int frames_read = bytes_read / sizeof(int32_t);
    if (frames_read < FRAME_SIZE * 2) {
      for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) samples[i] = 0;
    } else {
      static float dc = 0.0f;
      static float lpf = 0.0f;
      //
      int16_t minv = 32767;
      int16_t maxv = -32768;
      static unsigned long last_dbg = 0;

      for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
        int32_t raw = mic_buf[i * 2] >> 8;   // try 8 first, not 14
        if (raw > 32767) raw = 32767;
        if (raw < -32768) raw = -32768;
        samples[i] = (int16_t)raw;

        if (samples[i] < minv) minv = samples[i];
        if (samples[i] > maxv) maxv = samples[i];
      }

      if (millis() - last_dbg > 250) {
        Serial.printf("raw range: %d .. %d\n", minv, maxv);
        last_dbg = millis();
      }
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
    packet[12 + i] = linear2ulaw(samples[i]);
  }

  rtp_hdr* hdr = (rtp_hdr*)packet;
  hdr->vpxcc = 0x80;
  hdr->mpt   = 0x00;
  hdr->seq   = htons(seq++);
  hdr->ts    = htonl(ts);
  hdr->ssrc  = htonl(0x12345678);

  udp.beginPacket(DEST_IP, UDP_PORT);
  udp.write(packet, sizeof(packet));
  udp.endPacket();

  ts += FRAME_SIZE;
  last_send = now;

  yield();
}
#+end_src
*** script3 - hex dump version:
#+begin_src c++
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <driver/i2s.h>
#include <driver/touch_pad.h>

const char* ssid = "Fios-8EKF5";
const char* password = "hero816cars7050jon";
const char* DEST_IP = "192.168.1.190";
const int UDP_PORT = 5004;

const int OUTPUT_RATE = 8000; // 8kHz rtp payload rate
const int MIC_RATE = 16000;   // capture rate inmp441
const int FRAME_SIZE  = 160;  // 20ms frames @ 8kHz
const float TONE_HZ   = 440.0;

const touch_pad_t TOUCH_PIN = TOUCH_PAD_NUM4; // gpio13
const int TOUCH_THRESHOLD = 800; // adjust as needed

// inmp441 pins - change as needed
const int I2S_WS  = 25; // 
const int I2S_SCK = 26; // 
const int I2S_SD  = 33; // data from mic to esp32 

WiFiUDP udp;
uint16_t seq = 0;
uint32_t ts = 0;
bool tone_mode = true; // start with tone

struct rtp_hdr {
  uint8_t vpxcc;
  uint8_t mpt;
  uint16_t seq;
  uint32_t ts;
  uint32_t ssrc;
};

static const int16_t exp_lut[256] = {
  0,0,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,
  5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7
};

uint8_t linear2ulaw(int16_t pcm_val) {
  int sign = (pcm_val >> 8) & 0x80;
  if (sign) pcm_val = (short)-pcm_val;
  if (pcm_val > 32635) pcm_val = 32635;
  pcm_val = pcm_val + 0x84;
  int exponent = exp_lut[(pcm_val >> 7) & 0xFF];
  int mantissa = (pcm_val >> (exponent + 3)) & 0x0F;
  return ~(sign | (exponent << 4) | mantissa);
}

void setup_i2s_mic() {
  i2s_config_t i2s_config = {
    .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX),
    .sample_rate = MIC_RATE,
    .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_32BIT,
    .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT,
    .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_STAND_I2S,
    .intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_LEVEL1,
    .dma_buf_count = 8,
    .dma_buf_len = 256,
    .use_apll = false,
    .tx_desc_auto_clear = false,
    .fixed_mclk = 0
  };

  i2s_pin_config_t pin_config = {
    .bck_io_num = I2S_SCK,
    .ws_io_num = I2S_WS,
    .data_out_num = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE,
    .data_in_num = I2S_SD
  };

  i2s_driver_install(I2S_NUM_0, &i2s_config, 0, NULL);
  i2s_set_pin(I2S_NUM_0, &pin_config);
  i2s_zero_dma_buffer(I2S_NUM_0);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
  // init touch
  touch_pad_init();
  touch_pad_set_voltage(TOUCH_HVOLT_2V7, TOUCH_LVOLT_0V5, TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_1V);
  touch_pad_config(TOUCH_PIN, 0);
  
  setup_i2s_mic();

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); }
  Serial.printf("\nconnected, ip=%s\n", WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());
  udp.begin(UDP_PORT);
  
  Serial.println("tap pin 13 to switch modes");
}

void loop() {
  static unsigned long last_send = 0;
  static unsigned long last_touch_check = 0;
  static bool last_touch_state = false;
  static unsigned long last_dbg = 0;
  static const unsigned long FRAME_INTERVAL = 20; // 20ms
  static const unsigned long TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL = 50; // check every 50ms
  
  // check touch state periodically
  unsigned long now = millis();
  if (now - last_touch_check > TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL) {
    uint16_t touch_val;
    touch_pad_read(TOUCH_PIN, &touch_val);
    bool touched = touch_val < TOUCH_THRESHOLD;
    
    // detect touch press (not hold)
    if (touched && !last_touch_state) {
      tone_mode = !tone_mode;
      Serial.printf("%s mode active\n", tone_mode ? "tone" : "mic");
      delay(300); // debounce
    }
    
    last_touch_state = touched;
    last_touch_check = now;
  }
  
  // only send if it's time
  if (now - last_send < FRAME_INTERVAL) {
    yield();
    return;
  }
  
  uint8_t packet[12 + FRAME_SIZE];
  int16_t samples[FRAME_SIZE];
  
  if (tone_mode) {
    // fixed tone generation with integer phase accumulator
    static uint32_t phase_acc = 0;
    const uint32_t phase_inc_int = (uint32_t)(TONE_HZ * (1ULL << 32) / OUTPUT_RATE);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
      float phase = (phase_acc >> 16) * (2.0 * M_PI / 65536.0);
      samples[i] = (int16_t)(16000.0 * sinf(phase));
      phase_acc += phase_inc_int;
    }
    
  } else {

    // read 320 mic samples @16khz, decimate by 2 -> 160 samples @8khz
    int32_t mic_buf[FRAME_SIZE * 2];

    size_t bytes_read = 0;
    i2s_read(I2S_NUM_0, mic_buf, sizeof(mic_buf), &bytes_read, portMAX_DELAY);
    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
      samples[i] = 0;
    }

    if (bytes_read >= 16 * sizeof(int32_t) && millis() - last_dbg > 500) {
      Serial.println("first 16 raw words:");
      for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
        Serial.printf("%2d: 0x%08lx\n", i, (uint32_t)mic_buf[i]);
      }
      last_dbg = millis();
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
    packet[12 + i] = linear2ulaw(samples[i]);
  }

  rtp_hdr* hdr = (rtp_hdr*)packet;
  hdr->vpxcc = 0x80;
  hdr->mpt   = 0x00;
  hdr->seq   = htons(seq++);
  hdr->ts    = htonl(ts);
  hdr->ssrc  = htonl(0x12345678);

  udp.beginPacket(DEST_IP, UDP_PORT);
  udp.write(packet, sizeof(packet));
  udp.endPacket();

  ts += FRAME_SIZE;
  last_send = now;

  yield();
}
#+end_src

** issue
https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-i2c-communication-arduino-ide/
- dump is overwhelmingly 0x00000000, 0x00000001, or 0xffffffff, with only very occasional nontrivial words like 0xffbffb41. that means the esp32 is clocking something, but it is mostly seeing a line that is effectively stuck low/high or only barely transitioning, not normal audio sample words.
- in esp32 standard i2s mode, the bus is just bclk, ws, and data, and standard mode always has left/right slots. in master mode, the esp32 generates sck and ws; the mic only drives the data line.
- standard-mode format differences on esp32 are basically philips vs msb, where philips has a one-bit shift relative to ws and msb does not. so “wrong format” can cause junk, but a stream dominated by exact 0/1/-1 patterns is more consistent with bad data capture than mere gain.
* [2026-04-20 Mon]
very useful expl thanks, you're refreshign my memory on the rtp header work i did a few months ago. good insight on 440hz wandering - i didnt account for network instability inherent in the chipset, of course that makes sense.

heres the mic datasheet.

(WHT) LR   GND (BLK)
(YEL) WS   VDD (RED)
(WHT) SCK  SD (BLUE)


gnd (WHT) LR   GND (BLK)
g25 (YEL) WS   VDD (RED)
g22 (WHT) SCK  SD (BLUE) g21

mic outputs 24-bit signed sample, left-justified in 32-bit word
[31........8][7.....0]
   sample       pad
   
** successful hex word test of inmf441
#+begin_src c++
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <driver/i2s.h>
#include <driver/touch_pad.h>

const char* ssid = "Fios-8EKF5";
const char* password = "hero816cars7050jon";
const char* DEST_IP = "192.168.1.190";
const int UDP_PORT = 5004;

const int OUTPUT_RATE = 8000; // 8kHz rtp payload rate
const int MIC_RATE = 16000;   // capture rate inmp441
const int FRAME_SIZE  = 160;  // 20ms frames @ 8kHz
const float TONE_HZ   = 440.0;

const touch_pad_t TOUCH_PIN = TOUCH_PAD_NUM4; // gpio13
const int TOUCH_THRESHOLD = 800; // adjust as needed

// inmp441 pins - change as needed
const int I2S_WS  = 25; // 
const int I2S_SCK = 22; // 
const int I2S_SD  = 21; // data from mic to esp32 

WiFiUDP udp;
uint16_t seq = 0;
uint32_t ts = 0;
bool tone_mode = true; // start with tone

struct rtp_hdr {
  uint8_t vpxcc;
  uint8_t mpt;
  uint16_t seq;
  uint32_t ts;
  uint32_t ssrc;
};

static const int16_t exp_lut[256] = {
  0,0,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,
  5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7
};

uint8_t linear2ulaw(int16_t pcm_val) {
  int sign = (pcm_val >> 8) & 0x80;
  if (sign) pcm_val = (short)-pcm_val;
  if (pcm_val > 32635) pcm_val = 32635;
  pcm_val = pcm_val + 0x84;
  int exponent = exp_lut[(pcm_val >> 7) & 0xFF];
  int mantissa = (pcm_val >> (exponent + 3)) & 0x0F;
  return ~(sign | (exponent << 4) | mantissa);
}

void setup_i2s_mic() {
  i2s_config_t i2s_config = {
    .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX),
    .sample_rate = MIC_RATE,
    .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_32BIT,
    .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT,
    .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_STAND_I2S,
    // .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_I2S_MSB,
    .intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_LEVEL1,
    .dma_buf_count = 8,
    .dma_buf_len = 256,
    .use_apll = false,
    .tx_desc_auto_clear = false,
    .fixed_mclk = 0
  };

  i2s_pin_config_t pin_config = {
    .bck_io_num = I2S_SCK,
    .ws_io_num = I2S_WS,
    .data_out_num = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE,
    .data_in_num = I2S_SD
  };

  i2s_driver_install(I2S_NUM_0, &i2s_config, 0, NULL);
  i2s_set_pin(I2S_NUM_0, &pin_config);
  i2s_zero_dma_buffer(I2S_NUM_0);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
  touch_pad_init();
  touch_pad_set_voltage(TOUCH_HVOLT_2V7, TOUCH_LVOLT_0V5, TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_1V);
  touch_pad_config(TOUCH_PIN, 0);
  
  setup_i2s_mic();

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); }
  Serial.printf("\nconnected, ip=%s\n", WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());
  udp.begin(UDP_PORT);
  
  Serial.println("tap pin 13 to switch modes");
}

void loop() {
  static unsigned long last_send = 0; // timer
  static unsigned long last_touch_check = 0;  // timer
  static bool last_touch_state = false;
  static unsigned long last_dbg = 0; // timer
  static const unsigned long FRAME_INTERVAL = 20; // 20ms
  static const unsigned long TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL = 50; // check every 50ms
  
  // check touch state periodically
  unsigned long now = millis();
  if (now - last_touch_check > TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL) {
    uint16_t touch_val;
    touch_pad_read(TOUCH_PIN, &touch_val);
    bool touched = touch_val < TOUCH_THRESHOLD;
    
    // detect touch press (not hold)
    if (touched && !last_touch_state) {
      tone_mode = !tone_mode;
      Serial.printf("%s mode active\n", tone_mode ? "tone" : "mic");
      delay(300); // debounce
    }
    
    last_touch_state = touched;
    last_touch_check = now;
  }
  
  // only send if it's time
  if (now - last_send < FRAME_INTERVAL) {
    yield();
    return;
  }
  
  uint8_t packet[12 + FRAME_SIZE];
  int16_t samples[FRAME_SIZE];
  
  if (tone_mode) {
    // fixed tone generation with integer phase accumulator
    static uint32_t phase_acc = 0;
    const uint32_t phase_inc_int = (uint32_t)(TONE_HZ * (1ULL << 32) / OUTPUT_RATE);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
      float phase = (phase_acc >> 16) * (2.0 * M_PI / 65536.0);
      samples[i] = (int16_t)(16000.0 * sinf(phase));
      phase_acc += phase_inc_int;
    }
    
  } else {

    // read 320 mic samples @16khz, decimate by 2 -> 160 samples @8khz
    int32_t mic_buf[FRAME_SIZE * 2];

    size_t bytes_read = 0;
    i2s_read(I2S_NUM_0, mic_buf, sizeof(mic_buf), &bytes_read, portMAX_DELAY);
    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
      samples[i] = 0;
    }

    if (bytes_read >= 16 * sizeof(int32_t) && millis() - last_dbg > 500) {
      Serial.println("first 16 raw words:");
      for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
        Serial.printf("%2d: 0x%08lx\n", i, (uint32_t)mic_buf[i]);
      }
      last_dbg = millis();
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
    packet[12 + i] = linear2ulaw(samples[i]);
  }

  rtp_hdr* hdr = (rtp_hdr*)packet;
  hdr->vpxcc = 0x80;
  hdr->mpt   = 0x00;
  hdr->seq   = htons(seq++);
  hdr->ts    = htonl(ts);
  hdr->ssrc  = htonl(0x12345678);

  udp.beginPacket(DEST_IP, UDP_PORT);
  udp.write(packet, sizeof(packet));
  udp.endPacket();

  ts += FRAME_SIZE;
  last_send = now;

  yield();
}
#+end_src
** to add
dc gain
dc = dc * 0.999f + x * 0.001f;
x -= dc;

low pass filter
lpf = lpf * 0.7f + x * 0.3f;

gain
float y = x * 2.0f;
before adding gains:
#+begin_src C++
  #include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <driver/i2s.h>
#include <driver/touch_pad.h>

const char* ssid = "Fios-8EKF5";
const char* password = "hero816cars7050jon";
const char* DEST_IP = "192.168.1.190";
const int UDP_PORT = 5004;

const int OUTPUT_RATE = 8000; // 8kHz rtp payload rate
const int MIC_RATE = 16000;   // capture rate inmp441
const int FRAME_SIZE  = 160;  // 20ms frames @ 8kHz
const float TONE_HZ   = 440.0;

const touch_pad_t TOUCH_PIN = TOUCH_PAD_NUM4; // gpio13
const int TOUCH_THRESHOLD = 800; // adjust as needed

// inmp441 pins - change as needed
const int I2S_WS  = 25; // 
const int I2S_SCK = 22; // 
const int I2S_SD  = 21; // data from mic to esp32 

WiFiUDP udp;
uint16_t seq = 0;
uint32_t ts = 0;
bool tone_mode = true; // start with tone

struct rtp_hdr {
  uint8_t vpxcc;
  uint8_t mpt;
  uint16_t seq;
  uint32_t ts;
  uint32_t ssrc;
};

static const int16_t exp_lut[256] = {
  0,0,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,
  5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7
};

uint8_t linear2ulaw(int16_t pcm_val) {
  int sign = (pcm_val >> 8) & 0x80;
  if (sign) pcm_val = (short)-pcm_val;
  if (pcm_val > 32635) pcm_val = 32635;
  pcm_val = pcm_val + 0x84;
  int exponent = exp_lut[(pcm_val >> 7) & 0xFF];
  int mantissa = (pcm_val >> (exponent + 3)) & 0x0F;
  return ~(sign | (exponent << 4) | mantissa);
}

void setup_i2s_mic() {
  i2s_config_t i2s_config = {
    .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX),
    .sample_rate = MIC_RATE,
    .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_32BIT,
    .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT,
    .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_STAND_I2S,
    // .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_I2S_MSB,
    .intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_LEVEL1,
    .dma_buf_count = 8,
    .dma_buf_len = 256,
    .use_apll = false,
    .tx_desc_auto_clear = false,
    .fixed_mclk = 0
  };

  i2s_pin_config_t pin_config = {
    .bck_io_num = I2S_SCK,
    .ws_io_num = I2S_WS,
    .data_out_num = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE,
    .data_in_num = I2S_SD
  };

  i2s_driver_install(I2S_NUM_0, &i2s_config, 0, NULL);
  i2s_set_pin(I2S_NUM_0, &pin_config);
  i2s_zero_dma_buffer(I2S_NUM_0);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
  touch_pad_init();
  touch_pad_set_voltage(TOUCH_HVOLT_2V7, TOUCH_LVOLT_0V5, TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_1V);
  touch_pad_config(TOUCH_PIN, 0);
  
  setup_i2s_mic();

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); }
  Serial.printf("\nconnected, ip=%s\n", WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());
  udp.begin(UDP_PORT);
  
  Serial.println("tap pin 13 to switch modes");
}

void loop() {
  static unsigned long last_send = 0; // timer
  static unsigned long last_touch_check = 0;  // timer
  static bool last_touch_state = false;
  static unsigned long last_dbg = 0; // timer
  static const unsigned long FRAME_INTERVAL = 20; // 20ms
  static const unsigned long TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL = 50; // check every 50ms
  
  // check touch state periodically
  unsigned long now = millis();
  if (now - last_touch_check > TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL) {
    uint16_t touch_val;
    touch_pad_read(TOUCH_PIN, &touch_val);
    bool touched = touch_val < TOUCH_THRESHOLD;
    
    // detect touch press (not hold)
    if (touched && !last_touch_state) {
      tone_mode = !tone_mode;
      Serial.printf("%s mode active\n", tone_mode ? "tone" : "mic");
      delay(300); // debounce
    }
    
    last_touch_state = touched;
    last_touch_check = now;
  }
  
  // only send if it's time
  if (now - last_send < FRAME_INTERVAL) {
    yield();
    return;
  }
  
  uint8_t packet[12 + FRAME_SIZE];
  int16_t samples[FRAME_SIZE];
  
  if (tone_mode) {
    // fixed tone generation with integer phase accumulator
    static uint32_t phase_acc = 0;
    const uint32_t phase_inc_int = (uint32_t)(TONE_HZ * (1ULL << 32) / OUTPUT_RATE);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
      float phase = (phase_acc >> 16) * (2.0 * M_PI / 65536.0);
      samples[i] = (int16_t)(16000.0 * sinf(phase));
      phase_acc += phase_inc_int;
    }
    
  } else {

    // read 320 mic samples @16khz, decimate by 2 -> 160 samples @8khz
    int32_t mic_buf[FRAME_SIZE * 2];
    size_t bytes_read = 0;

    i2s_read(I2S_NUM_0, mic_buf, sizeof(mic_buf), &bytes_read, portMAX_DELAY);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
    // decimate 16k → 8k
    int32_t raw = mic_buf[i * 2] >> 16;   // decimate 16k -> 8k by keeping every other sample
    if (raw > 32767) raw = 32767;
    if (raw < -32768) raw = -32768;
    samples[i] = (int16_t)raw;
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
    packet[12 + i] = linear2ulaw(samples[i]);
  }

  rtp_hdr* hdr = (rtp_hdr*)packet;
  hdr->vpxcc = 0x80;
  hdr->mpt   = 0x00;
  hdr->seq   = htons(seq++);
  hdr->ts    = htonl(ts);
  hdr->ssrc  = htonl(0x12345678);

  udp.beginPacket(DEST_IP, UDP_PORT);
  udp.write(packet, sizeof(packet));
  udp.endPacket();

  ts += FRAME_SIZE;
  last_send = now;

  yield();
}

#+end_src

after gains SUCCESS IWTH SOUND!
#+begin_src c++
  #include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <driver/i2s.h>
#include <driver/touch_pad.h>

const char* ssid = "Fios-8EKF5";
const char* password = "hero816cars7050jon";
const char* DEST_IP = "192.168.1.190";
const int UDP_PORT = 5004;

const int OUTPUT_RATE = 8000; // 8kHz rtp payload rate
const int MIC_RATE = 16000;   // capture rate inmp441
const int FRAME_SIZE  = 160;  // 20ms frames @ 8kHz
const float TONE_HZ   = 440.0;

const touch_pad_t TOUCH_PIN = TOUCH_PAD_NUM4; // gpio13
const int TOUCH_THRESHOLD = 800; // adjust as needed

// inmp441 pins - change as needed
const int I2S_WS  = 25; // 
const int I2S_SCK = 22; // 
const int I2S_SD  = 21; // data from mic to esp32 

WiFiUDP udp;
uint16_t seq = 0;
uint32_t ts = 0;
bool tone_mode = true; // start with tone

struct rtp_hdr {
  uint8_t vpxcc;
  uint8_t mpt;
  uint16_t seq;
  uint32_t ts;
  uint32_t ssrc;
};

static const int16_t exp_lut[256] = {
  0,0,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,
  5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7
};

uint8_t linear2ulaw(int16_t pcm_val) {
  int sign = (pcm_val >> 8) & 0x80;
  if (sign) pcm_val = (short)-pcm_val;
  if (pcm_val > 32635) pcm_val = 32635;
  pcm_val = pcm_val + 0x84;
  int exponent = exp_lut[(pcm_val >> 7) & 0xFF];
  int mantissa = (pcm_val >> (exponent + 3)) & 0x0F;
  return ~(sign | (exponent << 4) | mantissa);
}

void setup_i2s_mic() {
  i2s_config_t i2s_config = {
    .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX),
    .sample_rate = MIC_RATE,
    .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_32BIT,
    .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT,
    .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_STAND_I2S,
    // .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_I2S_MSB,
    .intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_LEVEL1,
    .dma_buf_count = 8,
    .dma_buf_len = 256,
    .use_apll = false,
    .tx_desc_auto_clear = false,
    .fixed_mclk = 0
  };

  i2s_pin_config_t pin_config = {
    .bck_io_num = I2S_SCK,
    .ws_io_num = I2S_WS,
    .data_out_num = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE,
    .data_in_num = I2S_SD
  };

  i2s_driver_install(I2S_NUM_0, &i2s_config, 0, NULL);
  i2s_set_pin(I2S_NUM_0, &pin_config);
  i2s_zero_dma_buffer(I2S_NUM_0);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
  touch_pad_init();
  touch_pad_set_voltage(TOUCH_HVOLT_2V7, TOUCH_LVOLT_0V5, TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_1V);
  touch_pad_config(TOUCH_PIN, 0);
  
  setup_i2s_mic();

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); }
  Serial.printf("\nconnected, ip=%s\n", WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());
  udp.begin(UDP_PORT);
  
  Serial.println("tap pin 13 to switch modes");
}

void loop() {
  static unsigned long last_send = 0; // timer
  static unsigned long last_touch_check = 0;  // timer
  static bool last_touch_state = false;
  static unsigned long last_dbg = 0; // timer
  static const unsigned long FRAME_INTERVAL = 20; // 20ms
  static const unsigned long TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL = 50; // check every 50ms
  
  // check touch state periodically
  unsigned long now = millis();
  if (now - last_touch_check > TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL) {
    uint16_t touch_val;
    touch_pad_read(TOUCH_PIN, &touch_val);
    bool touched = touch_val < TOUCH_THRESHOLD;
    
    // detect touch press (not hold)
    if (touched && !last_touch_state) {
      tone_mode = !tone_mode;
      Serial.printf("%s mode active\n", tone_mode ? "tone" : "mic");
      delay(300); // debounce
    }
    
    last_touch_state = touched;
    last_touch_check = now;
  }
  
  // only send if it's time
  if (now - last_send < FRAME_INTERVAL) {
    yield();
    return;
  }
  
  uint8_t packet[12 + FRAME_SIZE];
  int16_t samples[FRAME_SIZE];
  
  if (tone_mode) {
    // fixed tone generation with integer phase accumulator
    static uint32_t phase_acc = 0;
    const uint32_t phase_inc_int = (uint32_t)(TONE_HZ * (1ULL << 32) / OUTPUT_RATE);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
      float phase = (phase_acc >> 16) * (2.0 * M_PI / 65536.0);
      samples[i] = (int16_t)(16000.0 * sinf(phase));
      phase_acc += phase_inc_int;
    }
    
  } else {

    // read 320 mic samples @16khz, decimate by 2 -> 160 samples @8khz
    int32_t mic_buf[FRAME_SIZE * 2];
    size_t bytes_read = 0;
    i2s_read(I2S_NUM_0, mic_buf, sizeof(mic_buf), &bytes_read, portMAX_DELAY);
    
    //debug
    if (millis() - last_dbg > 500) {
      for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      Serial.printf("%d: 0x%08lx\n", i, (uint32_t)mic_buf[i]);
    }
      last_dbg = millis();
    } 
    //end debug

    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
    // decimate 16k → 8k
    int32_t raw = mic_buf[i] >> 16;   // full send 
    // int32_t raw = mic_buf[i*2] >> 16;   // drop every other frame to get to 8k
    samples[i] = (int16_t)raw;
    }

    int16_t minv = 32767;
    int16_t maxv = -32768;

    for (int j = 0; j < FRAME_SIZE; j++) {
      if (samples[j] < minv) minv = samples[j];
      if (samples[j] > maxv) maxv = samples[j];
    }
    //debug2
    if (millis() - last_dbg > 500) {
    Serial.printf("mic range: %d .. %d\n", minv, maxv);
    }
    //end debug2
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
    packet[12 + i] = linear2ulaw(samples[i]);
  }

  rtp_hdr* hdr = (rtp_hdr*)packet;
  hdr->vpxcc = 0x80;
  hdr->mpt   = 0x00;
  hdr->seq   = htons(seq++);
  hdr->ts    = htonl(ts);
  hdr->ssrc  = htonl(0x12345678);

  udp.beginPacket(DEST_IP, UDP_PORT);
  udp.write(packet, sizeof(packet));
  udp.endPacket();

  ts += FRAME_SIZE;
  last_send = now;

  yield();
}

#+end_src

likely slow bc of full send line:
:    int32_t raw = mic_buf[i] >> 16;   // full send

** done
#+begin_src  c++
  #include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <driver/i2s.h>
#include <driver/touch_pad.h>

const char* ssid = "Fios-8EKF5";
const char* password = "hero816cars7050jon";
const char* DEST_IP = "192.168.1.190";
const int UDP_PORT = 5004;

const int OUTPUT_RATE = 8000; // 8kHz rtp payload rate
const int MIC_RATE = 8000;   // capture rate inmp441
const int FRAME_SIZE  = 160;  // 20ms frames @ 8kHz
const float TONE_HZ   = 440.0;

const touch_pad_t TOUCH_PIN = TOUCH_PAD_NUM4; // gpio13
const int TOUCH_THRESHOLD = 500;

const int I2S_WS  = 25; 
const int I2S_SCK = 22; 
const int I2S_SD  = 21; 

WiFiUDP udp;
uint16_t seq = 0;
uint32_t ts = 0;
bool tone_mode = true; // start with tone

struct rtp_hdr {
  uint8_t vpxcc;
  uint8_t mpt;
  uint16_t seq;
  uint32_t ts;
  uint32_t ssrc;
};

static const int16_t exp_lut[256] = {
  0,0,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,
  5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7
};

uint8_t linear2ulaw(int16_t pcm_val) {
  int sign = (pcm_val >> 8) & 0x80;
  if (sign) pcm_val = (short)-pcm_val;
  if (pcm_val > 32635) pcm_val = 32635;
  pcm_val = pcm_val + 0x84;
  int exponent = exp_lut[(pcm_val >> 7) & 0xFF];
  int mantissa = (pcm_val >> (exponent + 3)) & 0x0F;
  return ~(sign | (exponent << 4) | mantissa);
}

void setup_i2s_mic() {
  i2s_config_t i2s_config = {
    .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX),
    .sample_rate = MIC_RATE,
    .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_32BIT,
    .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT,
    .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_STAND_I2S,
    .intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_LEVEL1,
    .dma_buf_count = 8,
    .dma_buf_len = 256,
    .use_apll = false,
    .tx_desc_auto_clear = false,
    .fixed_mclk = 0
  };

  i2s_pin_config_t pin_config = {
    .bck_io_num = I2S_SCK,
    .ws_io_num = I2S_WS,
    .data_out_num = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE,
    .data_in_num = I2S_SD
  };

  i2s_driver_install(I2S_NUM_0, &i2s_config, 0, NULL);
  i2s_set_pin(I2S_NUM_0, &pin_config);
  i2s_zero_dma_buffer(I2S_NUM_0);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
  touch_pad_init();
  touch_pad_set_voltage(TOUCH_HVOLT_2V7, TOUCH_LVOLT_0V5, TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_1V);
  touch_pad_config(TOUCH_PIN, 0);
  
  setup_i2s_mic();

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); }
  Serial.printf("\nconnected, ip=%s\n", WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());
  udp.begin(UDP_PORT);
  
  Serial.println("tap pin 13 to switch modes");
}

void loop() {
  static unsigned long last_send = 0; // timer
  static unsigned long last_touch_check = 0;  // timer
  static bool last_touch_state = false;
  static unsigned long last_dbg = 0; // timer
  static const unsigned long FRAME_INTERVAL = 20; // 20ms
  static const unsigned long TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL = 50; // check every 50ms
  
  // check touch state periodically
  unsigned long now = millis();
  if (now - last_touch_check > TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL) {
    uint16_t touch_val;
    touch_pad_read(TOUCH_PIN, &touch_val);
    bool touched = touch_val < TOUCH_THRESHOLD;
    
    // detect touch press (not hold)
    if (touched && !last_touch_state) {
      tone_mode = !tone_mode;
      Serial.printf("%s mode active\n", tone_mode ? "tone" : "mic");
      delay(300); // debounce
    }
    
    last_touch_state = touched;
    last_touch_check = now;
  }
  
  // frame buffer
  if (now - last_send < FRAME_INTERVAL) {
    yield();
    return;
  }
  
  uint8_t packet[12 + FRAME_SIZE];
  int16_t samples[FRAME_SIZE];
  
  if (tone_mode) {
    // fixed tone generation with integer phase accumulator
    static uint32_t phase_acc = 0;
    const uint32_t phase_inc_int = (uint32_t)(TONE_HZ * (1ULL << 32) / OUTPUT_RATE);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
      float phase = (phase_acc >> 16) * (2.0 * M_PI / 65536.0);
      samples[i] = (int16_t)(16000.0 * sinf(phase));
      phase_acc += phase_inc_int;
    }
    
  } else {
    int32_t mic_buf[FRAME_SIZE];
    size_t bytes_read = 0;
    i2s_read(I2S_NUM_0, mic_buf, sizeof(mic_buf), &bytes_read, portMAX_DELAY);

    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
      float y = (mic_buf[i] >> 16) * 4.0f; //gain
      if (y > 32767.0f) y = 32767.0f;
      if (y < -32768.0f) y = -32768.0f;
      samples[i] = (int16_t)y;
    }

    int16_t minv = 32767;
    int16_t maxv = -32768;

    for (int j = 0; j < FRAME_SIZE; j++) {
      if (samples[j] < minv) minv = samples[j];
      if (samples[j] > maxv) maxv = samples[j];
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
    packet[12 + i] = linear2ulaw(samples[i]);
  }

  rtp_hdr* hdr = (rtp_hdr*)packet;
  hdr->vpxcc = 0x80;
  hdr->mpt   = 0x00;
  hdr->seq   = htons(seq++);
  hdr->ts    = htonl(ts);
  hdr->ssrc  = htonl(0x12345678);

  udp.beginPacket(DEST_IP, UDP_PORT);
  udp.write(packet, sizeof(packet));
  udp.endPacket();

  ts += FRAME_SIZE;
  last_send = now;

  yield();
}

#+end_src
* Final Veersion mic.cpp
#+begin_src c++
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <driver/i2s.h>
#include <driver/touch_pad.h>

const char* ssid = "Fios-8EKF5";
const char* password = "hero816cars7050jon";
const char* DEST_IP = "192.168.1.190";
const int UDP_PORT = 5004;

const int OUTPUT_RATE = 8000; // 8kHz rtp payload rate
const int MIC_RATE = 8000;   // capture rate inmp441
const int FRAME_SIZE  = 160;  // 20ms frames @ 8kHz
const float TONE_HZ   = 440.0;
const float MIC_GAIN = 4.0f;

const touch_pad_t TOUCH_PIN = TOUCH_PAD_NUM4; // gpio13
const int TOUCH_THRESHOLD = 500;

const int I2S_WS  = 25; 
const int I2S_SCK = 22; 
const int I2S_SD  = 21; 

WiFiUDP udp;
uint16_t seq = 0;
uint32_t ts = 0;
bool tone_mode = true; // start with tone

struct rtp_hdr {
  uint8_t vpxcc;
  uint8_t mpt;
  uint16_t seq;
  uint32_t ts;
  uint32_t ssrc;
};

static const int16_t exp_lut[256] = {
  0,0,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,
  5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
  7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7
};

uint8_t linear2ulaw(int16_t pcm_val) {
  int sign = (pcm_val >> 8) & 0x80;
  if (sign) pcm_val = (short)-pcm_val;
  if (pcm_val > 32635) pcm_val = 32635;
  pcm_val = pcm_val + 0x84;
  int exponent = exp_lut[(pcm_val >> 7) & 0xFF];
  int mantissa = (pcm_val >> (exponent + 3)) & 0x0F;
  return ~(sign | (exponent << 4) | mantissa);
}

void setup_i2s_mic() {
  i2s_config_t i2s_config = {
    .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX),
    .sample_rate = MIC_RATE,
    .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_32BIT,
    .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT,
    .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_STAND_I2S,
    .intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_LEVEL1,
    .dma_buf_count = 8,
    .dma_buf_len = 256,
    .use_apll = false,
    .tx_desc_auto_clear = false,
    .fixed_mclk = 0
  };

  i2s_pin_config_t pin_config = {
    .bck_io_num = I2S_SCK,
    .ws_io_num = I2S_WS,
    .data_out_num = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE,
    .data_in_num = I2S_SD
  };

  i2s_driver_install(I2S_NUM_0, &i2s_config, 0, NULL);
  i2s_set_pin(I2S_NUM_0, &pin_config);
  i2s_zero_dma_buffer(I2S_NUM_0);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
  touch_pad_init();
  touch_pad_set_voltage(TOUCH_HVOLT_2V7, TOUCH_LVOLT_0V5, TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_1V);
  touch_pad_config(TOUCH_PIN, 0);
  
  setup_i2s_mic();

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); }
  Serial.printf("\nconnected, ip=%s\n", WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());
  udp.begin(UDP_PORT);
  
  Serial.println("tap pin 13 to switch modes");
}

void loop() {
  static unsigned long last_send = 0; // timer
  static unsigned long last_touch_check = 0;  // timer
  static bool last_touch_state = false;
  static const unsigned long FRAME_INTERVAL = 20; // 20ms
  static const unsigned long TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL = 50; // check every 50ms
  
  // check touch state periodically
  unsigned long now = millis();
  if (now - last_touch_check > TOUCH_CHECK_INTERVAL) {
    uint16_t touch_val;
    touch_pad_read(TOUCH_PIN, &touch_val);
    bool touched = touch_val < TOUCH_THRESHOLD;
    
    // detect touch press (not hold)
    if (touched && !last_touch_state) {
      tone_mode = !tone_mode;
      Serial.printf("%s mode active\n", tone_mode ? "tone" : "mic");
      delay(300); // debounce
    }
    
    last_touch_state = touched;
    last_touch_check = now;
  }
  
  // frame buffer
  if (now - last_send < FRAME_INTERVAL) {
    yield();
    return;
  }
  
  uint8_t packet[12 + FRAME_SIZE];
  int16_t samples[FRAME_SIZE];
  
  if (tone_mode) {
    // fixed tone generation with integer phase accumulator
    static uint32_t phase_acc = 0;
    const uint32_t phase_inc_int = (uint32_t)(TONE_HZ * (1ULL << 32) / OUTPUT_RATE);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
      float phase = (phase_acc >> 16) * (2.0 * M_PI / 65536.0);
      samples[i] = (int16_t)(16000.0 * sinf(phase));
      phase_acc += phase_inc_int;
    }
    
  } else {
    int32_t mic_buf[FRAME_SIZE];
    size_t bytes_read = 0;
    i2s_read(I2S_NUM_0, mic_buf, sizeof(mic_buf), &bytes_read, portMAX_DELAY);

    if (bytes_read != sizeof(mic_buf)) {
      memset(samples, 0, sizeof(samples));
    } else {
      for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
        float y = (mic_buf[i] >> 16) * MIC_GAIN; //gain
        if (y > 32767.0f) y = 32767.0f;
        if (y < -32768.0f) y = -32768.0f;
        samples[i] = (int16_t)y;
      }
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
    packet[12 + i] = linear2ulaw(samples[i]);
  }

  rtp_hdr* hdr = (rtp_hdr*)packet;
  hdr->vpxcc = 0x80;
  hdr->mpt   = 0x00;
  hdr->seq   = htons(seq++);
  hdr->ts    = htonl(ts);
  hdr->ssrc  = htonl(0x12345678);

  udp.beginPacket(DEST_IP, UDP_PORT);
  udp.write(packet, sizeof(packet));
  udp.endPacket();

  ts += FRAME_SIZE;
  last_send = now;

  yield();
}

#+end_src
** optimize:
* TODOs
- add pot knob gain, middle at 4.0f
- web server interface/config - need to load wifi creds etc

try hardcoded station connect
if fail, start softap + web portal
from portal, optionally save new ssid/pwd and switch to station mode